CO5: Understand AIDS and Cancer and its impact

 CO5: Understand AIDS and Cancer and its impact

UNIT-I

Definition of Health Psychology- The Mind–Body Relationship -The Bio–psycho-social Model in Health Psychology, Introduction to Health Behavior: Role of Behavioral Factors in Disease and Disorder-What is Health Behaviors? - Practicing and Changing Health Behaviors-Barriersto Modifying Poor Health Behaviors; Intervening with Children and Adolescents-Interventions with At-Risk People-Health Promotion and the Elderly, Changing Health Habits; Attitude Change and Health Behavior-The Theory of Planned Behavior. Cognitive Behavioral Approaches to Health Behavior Change: Self-Observation and Self-monitoring, Classical Conditioning - Operant Conditioning – Modeling – Stimulus Control - The Self-control of Behavior- Broad Spectrum Cognitive Behavior Therapy.

UNIT-II

Health-Enhancing Behaviors: Exercise: Benefits of Exercise-Determinants of Regular Exercise-Characteristics of Interventions; Accident Prevention- Home and Workplace Accidents Motorcycle And Automobile Accidents; Maintaining a Healthy Diet- Why Is Diet Important? -Resistance to Modifying Diet-Interventions to Modify Diet. Weight Control-the Regulation of Eating-Why Obesity is a Health Risk-Obesity in Childhood-Factors Associated with Obesity- Stress and Eating-Treatment of Obesity; Eating Disorders- Anorexia Nervosa-Bulimia; Sleep- what is

14

Sleep?-Sleep and Health-Apnea; Health-Compromising Behaviors- Characteristics of Health Compromising Behaviors; Alcoholism and Problem Drinking; Smoking- Synergistic Effects of Smoking-Why Do People Smoke?

UNIT-III

Psychological Issues in Advancing and Terminal Illness: Death across the Life Span: -Death in Infancy or Childhood -Death in Young Adulthood -Death in Middle Age -Death in Old Age; Psychological Issues in Advancing Illness -Continued Treatment and Advancing Illness Psychological and Social Issues Related to Dying -The Issue of Nontraditional Treatment Are there Stages in Adjustment to Dying? : -Kubler-Ross’s Five-Stage Theory -Evaluation of Kubler-Ross’s Theory; Psychological Management of the Terminally Ill: -Medical Staff and the Terminally Ill Patients -Individual Counseling with the Terminally Ill -Family Therapy with the Terminally Ill -The Management of Terminal Illness in Children- Alternatives to Hospital Care for the Terminally Ill:-Hospital Care -Home Care.

UNIT-IV

AIDS: -Risk Factors-Effects-and treatment of AIDS- Age, Gender and Socio cultural Factors in AIDS-From HIV Infections to AIDS Medical Treatment for People with HIV/AIDS-The Psychosocial Impact of AIDS- Psycho social Interventions for AIDS.

CANCER: -The Prevalence and Types of Cancer-The sites, Effects and Causes of Cancer:-Prognosis and Causes of Cancer.- Age, Gender and Socio cultural Factors in Cancer.-Diagnosing and Treating Cancer-The Psycho-social Impact of Cancer.-Psycho social Interventions for Cancer.

REFERENCES BOOKS:

▪ Edward P. Sarafino,(1990). Health Psychology,JohnWiley&Sons,INC.

▪ Linda Brannon and Jess Feist. (2007). Introduction to Health Psychology, Thomson: Indian Edition.

▪ Shelley E. Taylor. (2007). Health Psychology, Tata McGrawHill Sixth Edition.

15

FACULTY OF ARTS

Syllabus

Subject: PSYCHOLOGY

Course (Paper) Name & No: ADVANCED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY/ECT-01

Name

of course

Semester

Core/Elective/

Allied/Practical

/Project

Course/Paper code

Course/Paper Title

Credit

Internal Marks

External Marks

Total

Exam Marks

External Exam Time Duration

M.A.

I

Elective

ECT-01

Advanced Social Psychology

04

30

70

100

2:30

Hours

Course Outcomes: This course should help Students

CO1: Able to develop an understanding about one’s-self, how people think about, influence and relate to one another

CO2: To orient them to the dynamics of attraction, love and aggression, and application of the principles of social psychology in different fields.

CO3: Able to scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others

CO4: An understanding about one’s-self, how people think about, influence and relate to one another

CO5: Describe about different societies and its norms

CO6: Understand Group conflict and social conflict

Co7: Understand about Analysis Aggression and social Violence

UNIT- I

Introduction – Brief History of Social Psychology – Subject – Matter and Definition of Social Psychology – Social Behavior: Nature and Levels of Analysis – Scope of Social Psychology – Relation of Social Psychology with Others Science – Importance or Utility of Social Psychology – Social Psychology as an Applied Science.

Socialization – Meaning Socialization – Stages – Process – Theories – Principles – Agents of Socialization – Communalism – Dimensions of Communalism - Communalism in India.

UNIT- II

Stereotypes – Meaning – Characteristics – Experimental Studies of Stereotypes – Functions and Importance of Stereotypes in Social Life – Causes of Development and Maintenance of Stereotypes – Truth and Falsity of Stereotypes – Distinction Between Stereotype and Prejudice – Culture and Personality : - Meaning of Culture –

16

Kinds of Culture – Method of Studying Culture and Comparison of Cultures – Meaning of Personality – Nature of Relationship Between Culture and Personality – Relationship Between Culture and Personality.

Social Tension: Types – Effect of Social Tension – Causes – Measures of Methods of Redacting Social Tension.

UNIT- III

Group Conflict or Social Conflict: Meaning and Nature – Types – Problems Originating Group Conflict in Indian Society – Methods of Group Conflict Resolution – Resolution of Group Conflict in India Context.

Social Change : Meaning and Nature – Characteristics – Types – Dimensions – Theory – Process – Factors or Agents of Causes of Social Change – Resistance – Effect – Characteristics of Social Changes in Indian Society – Dimensions of Indian Social Change – Meaning and Characteristic of Cauterization, Westernization and Modernization – Relation Between Culturization and Westernization – Importance of Culturization on Social Change – Importance of Westernization of Social Changes .

UNIT- IV

Aggression and Social Violence : - Meaning and Nature Aggression – Theories of Aggression – Factors Provoking of Aggression and Violence – Measures of Preventing and reducing Aggression – National Character and National Integration – Meaning of National Character – Causes of Difference in National Character – Determinants of National Character – Characteristics of Indian National Character – Approaches or Theories of National Character – Meaning of National Integration - Factors of Promoting National Character –Hinderances in The Way of National Integration.

Environment Psychology : Emergence – Human Spatial Behavior – Development of Personal Space – Factors Influencing Personal Space – Reactions to Invasions of Personal Space – Types of Territories – Functions of Territoriality – Responses to Crowding Effect of Crowding – Controlling the Effects of Crowding – Theories of Crowding – General Conclusion Regarding Different Theories of Crowding – Chosen Isolation : Privacy – Environmental Effect of Behavior – Architectural Design and Social Behavior – Urban Environment and Social Behavior.

REFERENCE BOOKS

▪ Baron, Robert A. and Byrne, D. (2001). Social Psychology (8th edition) Reprint, New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd.

▪ Brehm, S.S. and Kassin, S.N. (1996).Social Psychology (3rd edition). USA:Houghton Mifflin Company.

▪ Crisp, R.J. and Turner, R.N. (2007).Essential Social Psychology. New Delhi: SagePublications.

▪ Jogsan, Y. A and Jadav, T. H. (2018).Social Psychology.JK Print Shop, Rajkot (Gujarat).ISBN : 978-81-936161-1-6.

▪ Myers, D.G. (2002). Social Psychology (7th international edition). New York: McGraw Hill Companies.

17

FACULTY OF ARTS

Syllabus

Subject: PSYCHOLOGY

Course (Paper) Name &No: BASIC PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTION /ECT-02

Name

of

course

Semester

Core/Elective/

Allied/Practical

/Project

Course/Paper code

Course/Paper Title

Credit

Internal Marks

External Marks

Total

Exam Marks

External Exam Time Duration

M.A.

I

Elective

ECT-02

Basic Psychology of Emotion

04

30

70

100

2:30

Hours

Course Outcomes: This course should help Students

CO1: Able to understand the basic issues and state-of- the art knowledge in the field of emotions.

CO2: To acquaint students to the neurophysiologic bases of emotion.

CO3: understanding of bodily changes in emotion and measurements of emotions. CO4: able to Learn Emotional Intelligence CO5: able to how to react in situation CO6: Able to know about Positive and negative emotions and measurement of emotion CO7: Able to Discuss about basic issues in the study of emotions CO8: Able to Describe physiological bases of emotions CO9: Able to Understand measurement of Emotions

UNIT-I

Basic Issue in the Study of Emotions:

Definition of Emotion, Components of Emotion-Cognitive, Physiological and Behavioural; Categories of Emotion- Primary and Secondary Emotions- Fear and Anxiety, Anger, Jealousy and Envy, Guilt, Grief, Sadness, Happiness and Love; The Role of Positive Emotions- The Broaden and- Build Theory of Positive Emotion; Approaches to Emotion- Biological, Cognitive, Behavioral and Phenomenological; Functions of Emotion; Emotion as Basis of Social Relationship, Gender and Emotion.

UNIT-II

Physiological Bases of Emotion:

18

Methods to Study Physiological Bases of Emotion, A Short Introduction to Nervous System, Central Mechanisms and Emotion- Spinal Cord, Medulla, Brainstem, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic System- Amygdala, Hippocampus, Cingulate Gyrus, Septum, Cortex and Frontal Lobes; Peripheral Mechanism- The role of Autonomous Nervous System; Neurochemistry and Emotion; Laterality and Emotion. Emotional Intelligence and EQ.

UNIT-III

Bodily Changes in Emotions:

A Short Introduction to Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive, Muscular and Hormonal Systems of Human Body; Short Term Bodily Changes in Emotions- Changes in the Cardiovascular, the Respiratory, the Digestive, the Thermoregulatory, the Galvanic Skin Response and the Hormonal Systems,Changes in Muscle Tension; Hormonal Changes During Stressful Situations; Long term Bodily Changes in Emotion-General Adaption Syndrome (GAS), Psychogenic Ulcer and Some other Psychosomatic Diseases.

UNIT-IV

Measurement of Emotions:

Physiological Methods for Measuring Emotion, EEG, fMRI, PET, Lie detector; Measurement of Facial Expressions, Facial Action Coding System (FACS); Psychological Methods for Measuring Emotion-Verbal Self Report Measures of Affect,Semantic Differential Method– Rating scale, Questionnaire and Psychoanalytic Methods; Non Verbal Self-report Tool-Emotional Slider, Observation, Using Pictograms, Self Assessments Manikin, Projective Techniques etc. Advantages and Disadvantages of Physiological and Psychological Methods of Measurement. Some New Tools to Measure Subjective Feeling of Emotion- Geneva Emotion Wheel, Product Emotion Measuring Instrument (Pr.Emo).

REFERENCE BOOKS

▪ Clarke, M.S. (1992). Emotion. New burry Park CA: Sage.

▪ Ekman, P. and Davidson, R.J. (1994). The Nature of Emotion. New York: Oxford University press.

▪ Kalat, J.K. &Shiota,M.N. (2007). Emotion. Belmont. C.A: Wadsworth.

▪ Lewis, M. &Haviland J.M. (1993). Hand Book of Emotions. New York: Guilford Press.

▪ Oatley, K.Ketner, D. ,& Jenkins, J.M. (2006). Understanding emotions. Cambridge. M.A; Blackwell Publishers.

▪ Patel. M.K. (2008). Psychology of Emotion, Rajkot: Saurashtra University Press.

19

▪ Strongman, K.T. (1989). The Psychology of Emotion. London: Plenum.

FACULTY OF ARTS

Syllabus

Subject: PSYCHOLOGY

Course (Paper) Name & No: PSYCHOLOGY OF ADOLESCENCE/ECT-02

Name

of course

Semester

Core/Elective/

Allied/Practical

/Project

Course/Paper code

Course/Paper Title

Credit

Internal Marks

External Marks

Total

Exam Marks

External Exam Time Duration

M.A.

I

Elective

ECT-02

Psychology of Adolescence

04

30

70

100

2:30

Hours

Course Outcomes: This course should help Students

CO1: The focus of this course is an advanced examination of the processes, contexts, and clinical issues associated with adolescent development.

CO2: There will be an emphasis on understanding normal developmental processes as well as the contexts which compromise adolescent mental health and wellbeing.

CO3: understanding of the adolescent developmental issues (e.g., factual , methods, principles, generalizations, theories),

CO4: Learning to apply course material to your work (to improve thinking, problem solving, and decisions)

CO5: Able to Describe Adolescence and its age

CO6: Able to Analysis about problems of adolescence

CO7: Able to Learn how to cope with conflict situation

CO8: Able to Psychological intervention of issues of gender related

UNIT: I

Introduction – Changes in Adolescence – Time duration of Adolescence – Anxiety in Adolescence – Methods of Studying Adolescence – Puberty – Changes in Boys During Adolescence – Changes in Girls During Adolescence – Psychological Importance of Physical Changes During Adolescence – Effect of Sexual Development – Effect of Figure and Body – Emotional Pressure – Effect of Behaviour on Adolescence – Behaviour of Adolescence

Physical Changes and Importance of Psychology – Methods of Physical Changes – Internal Bodily Changes – Psychological Importance of Bodily Changes – SensativeBehaviour in Adolescence – Adolescence Study Method –

20

Characteristic of Adolescence – Causes of Emotional Intensity – Feeling of Uncertainty and Insecurity –Emotions of Adolescence – Effect of Emotions.

UNIT: II

Personal Interest of Adolescence – Interest Regarding Clothes – Interest Regarding Face – Interest Regarding Voice – Interest Regarding Emotions – Interest Regarding Future – Problems Regarding Future Selection – Desire for Independence – Day-Dreams – Social Interest of Adolescence – Importance Adolescence Hobby – Talk – Types of Talk – Celebration – Criticizes - Helping Others

Recreational Related Interests – Sources for Recreational (Entertainment) - Some Favorite Way of Entertainment in Adolescence –Esoteric Interest of Adolescence – Importance of Entertainment in Adolescence – Friendship and Leadership in Adolescence – Friendship in Adolescence – Leadership in Adolescence – Necessity for Leadership – Reason for Success and Failures in Friendship – Parents’ Duties in Relation to Adolescence Friendship

UNIT: III

Social Behavior in Adolescence – Meeting in Adolescence – Due to Color or Race, Understand Yourself Bigger – Benefits of the Juvenile’s Life by Staying in the Meeting – Some Problems Related to Social Life of Adolescence – Feelings About Sex Matters During Adolescence –Sexuality Related Emotional Development Since Childhood – Sexual Problems of Unmarried Adolescents – The Condition of Indian Educated Teenagers in Pathetic.

Some Difficulty With Our Newly Married Adolescence – A Barrier to Staying with Newly Married Husband and Wife – Beauty Test – Religious Awareness in Adolescence – Study Methods – The Form of Religious Awareness in Adolescence – The Difference in the Religious Motivation of Children and Adolescents – Religious Awareness Reason.

UNIT: IV

Morality in Adolescence – Meaning of Morality – Effect of Heredity – Effect of Environment – Effect Friend – Adolescents’ Tendency to Offend – Basic Causes of Adoration – Motivational Work – The Personality of Adolescence –The Effect of Many Things on The Development of Personality.

Teenage Expectation and Their Direction – Teachers, Parents and Social Duties – Maturity – Definitions – Advantages and Disadvantages – Types of Maturity.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

▪ Kaiser Family Foundation. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds. 15-18.

▪ Ward, L. & Friedman, K. (2006). Using TV as a Guide: Associations BetweenTelevisionViewing and Adolescents' Sexual Attitudes and Behavior. Journal of Research onAdolescence, 16, 133-156.

▪ Wolf, S., Aber, J. L., & Morris, P. A. (2015).Patterns of time use among low-income, urbanminority adolescents and associations with academic outcomes and problem behavior.Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44, 1208-1225.

21

▪ Martin-Storey, A. (2015). Prevalence of dating violence among sexual minority youth: Variationacross gender, sexual minority identity and gender of sexual partners. Journal of Youthand Adolescence, 44, 211-224.

▪ Jogsan Y. A. and Ramani, D. J. (2018).Psychology of Adolescence. JK Print Shop, Rajkot Gujarat). ISBN : 978-81-936161-0-9.

22

FACULTY OF ARTS

Syllabus

Subject: PSYCHOLOGY

Course (Paper) Name & No: PRACTICAL PSYCHOLOGY/CCT-04

Name of course

Semester

Core/Elective/

Allied/Practical

/Project

Course/Paper code

Course/Paper Title

Credit

Internal Marks

External Marks

Total

Exam Marks

External Exam Time Duration

M.A.

II

Practical

CCT-04

Practical Psychology

04

00

100

100

Course Outcomes: This course should help Students

CO1: Able to conducting experiments on various subjects of psychology.

CO2: To acquaint students with the administration, scoring and interpretation of various psychological tests. CO3: To Understand Conducting experiments on various subjects of psychology CO4: To Describe scoring and interpretation of various psychological tests

Any six experiments from the following are to be performed and reported in Journal:

1. Speed of learning as a function of meaningfulness of material.

2. Bilateral transfer of training.

3. Effect of reward & punishment on learning.

4. Retroactive inhibition.

5. Retention as a function of time: Study of retention curve.

6. Problem solving.

7. Study of learning curve: Human Maze Learning.

8. Efficiency of Massed V/s. Distributed practice in learning.

9. Transfer of training in Maze Learning

10. Habit interference

11. Effect of knowledge on performance on ergo graph

12. Brightness constancy

13. Size constancy.

14. Zeigarnik Effect

23

Any Four Tests from the following are to be performed and reported in Journal:

1. Aggression Scale

2. Defence-Mechanism - (1) Male (2) Female

3. Impulsiveness Scale

4. Examination Stress Scale

5. Emotional Maturity

6. Stress Scale

7. Suicide Tendency

8. Ego- Strength

9. Back Depression Scale

10. Moral Values

REFERENCE BOOKS:

▪ D’ Amato, M.R: Experimental Psychology: Methodology, (1970): Psycho-Physic & Learning, NewYork: McGraw Hill

▪ Garret,H.E (1951): Great Experiments in Psychology, New York: Appleton- Century Crafts, Inc Third Edition

▪ Kuppuswami, B. (1954) Elementary Experiments in Psychology, Madras: Oxford University Press

▪ Postman, Leo & Egan, James P. (1949) Experimental Psychology: An Introduction, N.Y: Harper & Row

▪ Underwood, Benton, j. (1963): Experimental: An Introduction, Bombay, The Times of India Press

▪ Woodworth, Robert S. & Schlosberg, Harold (1971); Experimental Psychology, Calcutta: Oxford & IBH PublishingCo.

24

FACULTY OF ARTS

Syllabus

Subject: PSYCHOLOGY

Course (Paper) Name & No: COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY/CCT-4

(ONLY FOREXTERNALSTUDENTS)

Name

of course

Semester

Core/Elective/ Allied/Practical

/Project

Course

/Paper code

Course/Paper Title

Credit

Internal Marks

External Marks

Total Exam Marks

External Exam Time

Duration

M.A.

II

Core

CCT- 04

Counseling Psychology

04

30

70

100

2:30

Hours

Course Outcomes: This course should help Students

CO1: To acquaint students with the concepts and approaches to the counseling.

CO2: To familiarize students with the counseling process thoroughly.

CO3: To acquaint students with modern trends in counseling. CO4: Students can learn approaches to the counseling and able to Join other counseling course CO5: Describe Ethics of counseling CO6: Understand Approach to counseling CO7: Analysis counseling in the educational setting CO8: Understand Professional preparation and training for counseling

UNIT- I

Counseling and Related Fields: Definition of counseling Psycho-therapy – Counseling and Psycho-therapy – Related fields advising–Guidance– Clinical Psychology – Counseling as Hygiology–Counselling as a helping relationship – Counselling as a solution to human problems. Counselling – Expectations and Goals : Expectation of different – individuals – counselling goals – Achievement of positive mental health – Resolution of Problems – Decision making as a goal of Counselling – Modification of Behavior as a goal.

UNIT -II

Approach to counselling: The directive or authoritarian approach (Psycho-analytic) – Humanistic Approach Behaviouristic – Approach – The existential Point of view – The Minnesota Point of view and the elected Approach. Counselling Process: Preparation for Counselling – Process of counselling – counselling relationship – counseling – content ad process – steps in the counselling process – variables affecting the counselling process – Portrait of an effective counselling and counseleefactors.

25

UNIT -III

Counseling in the Educational setting: Counseling the elementary school child – Counseling in High School & College – The role of teachers in counseling – Educational Counseling and curriculum – Counseling & Home – Evaluation Programme of educational Counseling – Vocational Counseling – The Process of Vocational Counseling – Distincin between vocational Counseling and Guidance. Special Areas in Counseling : Family group consultation – Counseling with families Concern children as well as parents Counseling with delinquent – Marriage & Pre-marital Counseling – Counseling Women.

UNIT -IV

Professional preparation and Training for Counselling –Counselor preparation & professional issues – Academic preparation – practical skills – Ethical standards – Legal considerations – Selection & Training of Councilors – Conception of a professional worker – Preparation of Counselors and Important Issues. Modern Trends in Counselling: Counselling Movement in India & modern time – present status of counseling &Psycho-therapy – Trends in Counselling – Role of Counselor – Career Guidance – The model of Counselling.

REFERENCES:

▪ Bordin, E. S. (1985): Psychological Counselling, N.Y. : Appleton Century Crofts, Inc. Curkhuff,R.R. & Berenson, B.G. (1977): BeyondCounselling&Theraphy (2ndedi.),

▪ N.Y.: Holt, Rinchart& Winston.

▪ Fusfer, J. M. (1964): Psychological Counselling in India, Bombay: MacMillan Publishing Co.,Inc.

▪ Hansen J. C. (1978): Counselling Process and Procedures N.Y.: MacMillan Publishing Co.,Inc.

▪ Jogsan Y.A. (2016): Counseling and Guidance, JK Publication

▪ Narayanrao, S. (1989): Counselling Psychology, (3rdedi.), N.D. Tata McGraw Hill Book Co. Ltd.,

▪ Steffler, B. (Ed.) (1965): Theories of Counselling, New York:MacGraw Hill Book Company.

▪ Tyler, L.E. (1969): The work of a counselor (3rd edi.)N.Y. Appleton Century Crafts. Warters, J. (1964): Techniques of Counselling, (2ndedi.), N.Y.:MacGraw Hill Book

Company.

26

FACULTY OF ARTS

Syllabus

Subject: PSYCHOLOGY

Course (Paper) Name & No: STATISTICS IN PSYCHOLOGY/ CCT-05

Nameof course

Semester

Core/Elective/ Allied/Practical

/Project

Course

/Paper code

Course/Paper Title

Credit

Internal Marks

External Marks

Total Exam Marks

External Exam Time

Duration

M.A.

II

Core

CCT- 05

Statistics in Psychology

04

30

70

100

2:30

Hours

Course Outcomes: This course should help Students

CO1: Acquire the concepts, terms, and symbols used in data analysis.

CO2: Learn to formulate research ideas that can be evaluated with statistical analysis.

CO3: Learn to perform appropriate operations to draw conclusions from data.

CO4: Become skilled in interpreting and communicating quantitative information via numerical analysis and graphical display. CO5: Able to describe many statistical procedures used in psychological research CO6: Able to calculate appropriate procedures to analyze both quantitative and qualitative data CO7: Understanding of how to select and perform descriptive, correlational, and inferential procedures. CO8: Able to learning to use statistical software CO9: Understand Central tendency and variability

UNIT: I Introduction of Statistics:–

Introduction of Statistics –Short History, –Meaning of Statistics, –Characteristics of Statistics, –Types of Statistics, –Importance of Statistics, –Important Function of Statistics, –Limitations of Statistics.

Data or Score –Meaning of Score, –Measurement in Psychology, –Meaning of Measurement, –Uses of Measurement, –Statistical Series.

Measures of Central Tendency and variability –Central Tendency -Mean, –Mean Characteristics, –Uses and Disadvantages of Mean, –Measures of Variability, –Types of Variability, (Only Standard Deviation and its uses),–Symmetrical Curve.

UNIT: II Hypothesis and Theory of Probability:–

Relationship between Hypothesis and Theory of Probability – What is Significant Difference?

27

Hypothesis –Meaning of Hypothesis, –Types of Hypothesis.

Derived Scores –Z score.

Parametric Statistics and Non Parametric Statistics –Nature of Parametric Statistics and Non Parametric Statistics, –Non-parametric Methods, –X2 or Chai-square test, – Median Test,